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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication The use of medications is a fantastic way to manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists have extensive training in the use of medication and are able to formulate appropriate prescriptions that minimize the adverse effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually three-pronged, including therapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs, the first choice of medications for treating anxiety, can take up to several weeks to work. SSRIs SSRIs are the drug of choice for most anxiety disorders. The most recent SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs). A variety of SSRIs have been FDA-approved to treat anxiety disorders that are generalized. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline (aka Zoloft), as and citalopram (aka Celexa). These medications can increase serotonin in the brain, and can also increase norepinephrine, or BDNF. They can be used alone or in conjunction with psychotherapy. SSRIs may cause nausea and digestive problems, but these side effects usually subside as the body becomes accustomed to the medication. The precise mechanism of SSRIs' action on anxiety isn't well known. It is believed that SSRIs hinder the reuptake serotonin by the post-synaptic neurons, and increase the amount of serotonin in the synaptic gaps. This increases the amount of signaling that occurs across the synapse and it also reduces anxiety symptoms. In addition to reducing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks. They also aid in the treatment of depression and other mental health conditions that often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy and other forms of cognitive behavior therapy, which can improve their effectiveness. Contrary to other classes of antidepressants SSRIs are not believed to be addictive. It is still important to follow the prescriptions of your doctor. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it could cause “discontinuation” syndrome and anxiety symptoms to come back. If SSRIs aren't for you, your doctor might try a different class of antidepressants, like nefazodone or mirtazapine. These drugs can also be effective, however they have a greater risk of adverse side effects than the newer SSRIs. SSRIs may interact with certain foods, such as dairy products such as eggs, red meat, and some fruits and veggies. It is recommended to stay clear of these foods if you're taking these medications. It is also generally recommended that you avoid alcohol when taking SSRIs, as this can increase some side effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines boost the calming effect of certain chemicals found in the brain and nervous system. They enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter known as Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) that inhibits the nerves' activity. These drugs are effective in treating anxiety disorders, insomnia, and other mental disorders. They can be addictive and should be used only for short periods under medical supervision. Benzos are dangerous when taken recreationally, or when combined with alcohol and other substances. When someone is suffering from anxiety disorders, they typically resort to medication as their first choice. However this isn't the only option. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, has been proven to reduce anxiety symptoms. There are a myriad of psychotherapies that can aid however the most well-known and effective is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This kind of therapy helps you to change your thinking and behavior to feel less anxious. disorders anxiety and chlordiazepoxide as well as diazep Clorazepate, lorazepam, and quazepam are the most popular benzodiazepines. Each one has its own set of side effects, however, they all share similar pharmacological properties. Clorazepate, for example is more effective in treating seizure disorders compared to other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam, on the contrary, is more effective at treating anxiety disorders than the quazepam. While benzodiazepines are efficient, they aren't advised for long-term use due to the fact that they can cause physical dependence and tolerance. They can also cause withdrawal symptoms, like a heart pounding shaking, sweating, and shaking if you abruptly stop taking them. The symptoms can be extremely unpleasant and can last for several weeks however, they can be reduced by slowly reducing the medication. Benzodiazepines are highly addictive and should only be used only for a limited period of time. In general, not more than four weeks. During this period, you'll need to closely monitor your blood pressure and heart rate so that you don't have a severe withdrawal reaction. Talk to your doctor in the event that you are thinking of taking the use of a benzoodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be used to treat anxiety-related symptoms. These drugs prevent adrenaline from binding with beta receptors within your nervous system. This is a way to stop the hormone from creating physical reactions, such as heart tremors or palpitations. These medications are typically used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular conditions however, they can also be prescribed off-label in the case of anxiety. If you are stressed, your body releases a chemical known as Adrenaline. This chemical signals your body to prepare itself for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds beta receptors in the brain and heart which causes your heart to beat more quickly and causing other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are an class of drugs that treat hypertension and various heart diseases, work by blocking the adrenaline binding, which helps to reduce the heart rate and blood pressure. Beta-blockers can be used quickly, in contrast to SSRIs or benzodiazepines, which require a long time to show a difference in symptoms. This makes them a great alternative for those who require immediate relief from their anxiety symptoms for instance, those who need to deliver an address in public or fly on a plane. They are also an excellent choice for those who have both anxiety and a chronic heart issue such as atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure. While beta-blockers can be effective in alleviating physical symptoms of anxiety, they do not treat the root of the disorder. This is why they are usually prescribed as part of a larger treatment plan that incorporates counseling and lifestyle adjustments. However, they are an option for those who have tried other anti-anxiety drugs and do not find them to be effective or to have intolerable side effects. Propranolol and atenolol as well as other beta-blockers are also available. Your doctor will decide the best one for you depending on your medical history and overall health. Taking these medications can have negative side effects, including fatigue or low blood pressure It is therefore important to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) which were first developed in the 1950s as an antidepressant, are effective for certain anxiety and depression disorders. However, they're not commonly used as often as SSRIs or other antidepressants due to the need for strict dietary restrictions and the risk of interactions with drugs. Some MAOIs can be taken orally in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) are available in the form of a transdermal patch that's applied to the skin each day. MAOIs inhibit the action of MAO, thereby increasing the amount of serotonin as well as norepinephrine that is found in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a part in mood, sleep and appetite, as well as sexual function. MAOIs have an anti-anxiety effect. However they are more likely to cause side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and come with warnings on suicide in a box. Your doctor may prescribe additional medicines or treatments to manage your symptoms, in addition to the MAOIs below. For example, a beta-blocker (such as propranolol) is often prescribed to relieve the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may also recommend a relaxation technique or other at-home treatments to ease your anxiety symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 during research on tuberculosis. It was soon discovered to be a mood-enhancing drug and is regarded as the first antidepressant drug. MAOIs should be used only after other antidepressants are not working, since they can cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. It could cause a risky reaction that results in high blood pressure if you take an MAOI while eating foods that contain tyramine. Tyramine is found in a variety of red meats and cheeses as well as in fish, shellfish and some dietary supplements. Symptoms of this severe reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea vomiting, and a rapid heart rate. MAOIs can also interact other medications and trigger severe side effects, such as suicidal thoughts and behavior. Your doctor will discuss your dietary needs with you prior to prescribing MAOIs. The doctor will advise you to avoid eating foods that contain tyramine while you take the medication. They will also give a list of foods that are safe to consume while on MAOIs. Using this food guide can help you avoid MAOI-related side effects.